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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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Flanders
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INFOTEXT
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1992-09-03
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A region of the Low Countries that in the 8th
and 9th centuries extended from Calais to the
Scheldt and is now covered by the Belgian
provinces of Oost Vlaanderen and West
Vlaanderen (East and West Flanders), the
French departement of Nord, and part of the
Dutch province of Zeeland. The language is
Flemish. East Flanders, capital Ghent, has an
area of 3,000 sq km/1,158 sq mi and a
population (1987) of 1,329,000. West
Flanders, capital Bruges, has an area of
3,100 sq km/1,197 sq mi and a population
(1987) of 1,035,000. It was settled by Salian
Franks as Roman allies 358, and in the 6th
century, became a province of the Frankish
kingdom. Baldwin I (died 879), the son-in-law
of Charles the Bald, became its first count
862. During the following 300 years, the
county resisted Norman encroachment, expanded
its territory, and became a leading centre of
the wool industry. In 1194, Philip II married
Isabelle, the niece of Count Philip of Alsace
(1143-1191), and so began a period of active
French involvement in the county. In the 14th
century, the long-standing friction within
Flemish society between the pro-French
bourgeoisie and nobility and the craftsmen in
the towns who supported the English, on whom
their prosperity depended as their major
partners in the wool trade, erupted into
violence. In 1302, the craftsmen seized power
in Bruges and Ghent and defeated the French
at Courtrai, but the pro-French faction
regained control of the county 1328. It
underwent a decline under Austrian rule in
the 17th to 19th centuries. Fierce battles
were fought here in World War I. In World War
II the Battle of Flanders began with the
German breakthrough 10 May 1940 and ended
with the British amphibious retreat from
Dunkirk 27 May-4 June.